1. Hegel's philosophy is grounded in idealism, emphasizing the primacy of ideas and the progression of history through the development of human consciousness.

2. Marx, on the other hand, is known for his materialist perspective, which asserts that material conditions, particularly economic factors, are the driving force behind historical change. He famously stated, "It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness."

Views on the State:

1. Hegel sees the state as the embodiment of rationality and the culmination of historical development. He views it as a necessary institution for achieving social order and realizing individual freedom.

2. Marx, in contrast, sees the state as a tool of the ruling class, serving to maintain the existing social order and perpetuate class oppression. He advocates for the eventual abolition of the state in a classless society.

Concept of Civil Society:

1. Hegel sees civil society as an intermediary between individuals and the state, playing a complementary role in educating citizens and preparing them for participation in the state.

2. Marx criticizes civil society as part of the superstructure that upholds capitalist exploitation. He focuses on the economic base of society and the contradictions inherent in capitalism, which he believes will ultimately lead to its downfall.

Historical Progression:

1. Hegel's philosophy emphasizes the dialectical progression of history through the clash of opposing ideas, leading to the realization of freedom and rationality in the state.

2. Marx's theory of historical materialism posits that history progresses through stages of economic development, from primitive communism to capitalism and ultimately to communism, driven by class struggle.

In summary, while both Hegel and Marx offer profound insights into the nature of society and history, they approach these subjects from fundamentally different philosophical perspectives. Hegel's idealism contrasts with Marx's materialism, leading to divergent views on the state, civil society, and the mechanisms driving historical change.